Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and, based on this, they produce
a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. Group barbiturate commonly used to induce sedation. Pentobarbital and sekobarbital used orally or IM at a dose of 100-150 mg adults and 1 mg / kg in children over 6 months.
The advantage is not extended recovery period
and less cause unwanted reactions. Phenobarbital is easily available with a weak depressant effect on respiration and circulation, and rarely causes nausea and vomiting.
Barbiturates showed some different effects on the excitation and inhibition of synaptic transmission. Capacity berbiturat helps the benzodiazepine GABA most resembles the work, but at higher doses can be as a GABA agonist-nergik, so that at high doses of barbiturates can cause severe CNS depression.
Barbiturates are rapidly absorbed orally and perfect from the stomach and small intestine into the blood. In IV barbiturate used to treat epilepsy and status induce and maintain general anesthesia. Barbiturates are widely distributed and can cross the placenta, binding with plasma proteins according to solubility in fat (the biggest thiopental)
Barbiturates are soluble in fat, such as thiopental and metoheksital, after IV administration, will be dumped in fat and muscle tissue. This will lead levels in plasma and brain down quickly.
Barbiturates are less lipophilic, such as aprobarbital and phenobarbital, is metabolized in the liver was almost perfect before excreted in the kidneys
Barbiturates should not be administered to patients with barbiturate allergy, liver or kidney disease, hypoxia, Parkinson's disease. Barbiturates should also not be given to people with certain psikoneurotik, because it can add to the confusion in the evening that occurs in patients older
Symptoms of CNS depression is a residue after the hypnotic effect ends. Can occur several days after the drug was discontinued. Residual effects may include vertigo, nausea, or diarrhea. Sometimes arise emotional disorders and phobias can gain weight.
Barbiturates occasionally cause myalgia, neuralgia, artalgia, especially in patients who suffer from insomnia psikoneurotik. When given in a state of pain, can cause restlessness, excitement, and even delirium.
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